Clinical neurological semiology. A practical guide to neurological examination and clinical disorders - Maria Mirabela Manea

CUPRINS

Abbreviations

Clinical neurological semiology

Motor function

Muscle tone

Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome (UMNS)

Abdominal Cutaneous Reflexes

Pathological reflexes

Lower motor neuron syndrome (LMNS)

Deep tendon reflexes

The cerebellum and other ataxic syndromes

Cerebellar ataxia

Sensory examination

Cranial nerves (CNs)

Diplopia

Foville Syndromes - Voluntary horizontal gaze palsies

Vertical Gaze Palsy – Parinaud Syndrome

Combined Oculomotor Syndromes

Claude Bernard–Horner Syndrome (Horner Syndrome)

Associated Lower Cranial Nerve (Bulbar) Syndromes

Mental status

Coma

Decorticate posturing / rigidity

Doll’s eye reflex (oculocephalic reflex)

Caloric stimulation testing

Glasgow Coma Scale

Minor cognitive decline (MCI)

Involuntary movements

Gait

Meningeal signs

The meningeal syndrome

Encephalitic syndromes

Demyelinating Diseases

Multiple Sclerosis

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD)

Movement Disorders

Neuromuscular Junction Disorders – Myasthenia Gravis

Acute Inflammatory Polyradiculoneuropathy (Guillain–Barré Syndrome)

Increased Intracranial Pressure and Herniation Syndromes

Cluster Headache

Bibliography.

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